South Korea became one of the first Asian countries to recognise the rights of migrant workers when it implemented the Employment Permit System (EPS) in August 2004.
"Now, five years into the EPS work scheme, migrant workers in South Korea continue to be at risk of human rights abuses and many of the exploitative practices.... still persist," the rights group said in a report.
Norma Kang Muico, Amnesty's East Asia researcher, said the EPS was a good starting point.
"What is lacking is the implementation," she told a news conference. "There is not enough monitoring on workplaces... when abuses do take place, nothing is done to rectify them."
Migrant workers still incur large debts to pay exorbitant fees to brokers but find on arrival that jobs are different from what was promised back home, the report said.
They are barred from changing jobs without their employer's permission.
Amnesty said migrants often have to operate heavy machinery or work with dangerous chemicals with little or no training or protective equipment, and suffer a disproportionate number of industrial accidents.
"Interviews that we had with migrant workers (showed) that they all had some form of industrial accident" ranging from minor to quite severe, Muico said.
Women migrant workers are particularly at risk, the report said. "Many are sexually assaulted or harassed by the management or their co-workers."
At some entertainment venues including establishments in US military camp towns, women with entertainment visas were expected and at times forced to have sex with customers.
In one case, a 39-year-old Philippine woman identified only as JA was told by her promoter in the Philippines that she would be working as a singer.
"All I did was talk to customers -- American soldiers -- and get them to buy me drinks. I was forced to fill a drinks quota. That was my job. Upstairs, there were rooms with beds where customers could have sex with the bar girls," she was quoted as saying.
"The club owner tried to force me to have sex with the customers by threatening to send me back to the Philippines but I refused and told him that I would rather go back home," JA was quoted as saying.
The report said South Korea had about 680,000 low-skilled migrant workers in September 2008, mostly employed in manufacturing, construction, agriculture and other industries.
Most were Vietnamese, Filipinos, Thais or ethnic Koreans from China.
Of the total an estimated 220,000 were irregular workers and authorities had launched a "massive and sometimes violent" crackdown to try to halve this number by 2012.
Amnesty urged the government to carry out rigorous inspections to ensure migrants' rights are observed, to protect female migrant workers and to stamp out sexual exploitation and harassment.
It called on the government to allow irregulars to remain while seeking compensation for abuses by employers, and to ensure that immigration authorities obey the law when cracking down on illegals. (AFP)
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